This collection archives books written or edited by the faculty of Institute of Business Administration.
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The new development paradigm: papers on institutions, NGOs, gender and local government
S. Akbar Zaidi
This book examines some of the components that constitute elements of the New Development Paradigm, with its emphasis on institutions, NGOs, local government and decentralization. The eleven chapters of this book, in one way or another examine how these issues are put into practice and how they affect development. The focus of this book is upon examining how ideas which are critical to the New Development Paradigm are applied to real world situations." "This book is meant for those interested in knowing how economic development has changed and for those interested in, or working on, issues of gender, local government, institutions and NGOs, it tries to reach a diverse audience, ranging from activists and scholars to journalists and the general reader.
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Business problems in Pakistan: management of external environment factors
Mahnaz Fatima
This book on the management of external environmental factors is an effort that signifies much more than the message that can possibly be communicated by simply launching it. It is actually the launching of an idea in Pakistan whose adoption and assimilation by our business organizations would be a first major step towards revolutionizing the management of business and industry in the country. Though the idea is not entirely new to Pakistan, however, this book develops it for the first time in a manner that might enhance its appeal and application in the field.
The book, therefore, has more than academic value as a direct piratical application is sought by alerting the readers to the fact of external environmental turbulence that our business have to learn to deal with in a proactive way. The external competitive, technological, economic, social and political environment is in a state of constant flux all over the world. The author has made an attempt to extrapolate Western theory and concept of strategic management to our domestic environment.
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Dealing with the Debt Crisis
Ishrat Husain and Ishac Diwan
The world debt crisis of the 1980s, soon to drag into the 1990s, has launched a constellation of competing claims and conflicting alternatives. From 1986 to 1988 more than $100 billion in resources were transferred from the highly indebted countries to creditors in the industrial countries. By the end of 1989 the burden of the highly indebted countries will have reached about $500 billion, and debt service will consume almost a quarter of their export earnings. In January 1989 the World Bank organized a symposium that brought together a large number of development and financial practitioners and academics to discuss the behavior of the debtors, creditors, and the international community and the possible contribution of each to resolving the debt crisis. The eighteen chapters in this volume cover many aspects of the issue, with special emphasis on the relations among indebtedness, macroeconomic management, and growth and on the need for debt reduction. Subjects treated include the constraints on, and scope for, action; the relative merits of various mechanisms to reduce debt; and the ways to strengthen the debt reduction process. Several chapters analyze the implications of the recently announced Brady Initiation on the debt and debt-servicing reduction for the highly indebted countries - a topical issue of great current interest.
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The evolving role of the World Bank: the challenge of Africa
Ishrat Husain
This series of essays is devoted to improving understanding of the evolving role of the World Bank. Each essay analyzes the Bank's approach to the major development challenges its borrowing countries have faced, starting with the reconstruction and development needs of Eiurope and Japan in the 1940s and 1950s and ending with the transition of Central and Eastcern Europe and the former Soviet Union. One essay examines the evolution of the Bank's relations with the world's capital markets as it mobilizes private savings for develop- ment. An overview paper provides a picture of the fifty-year period as a whole. The story that emerges is one of an evolving and learning institution that has built on its successes and its mistakes. The Bank has responded with vigor and energy to the challenges confronting its borrowers. In this process, it has made a significant contribution to the impressive developmental gains recorded in these past fifty years. In responding to those challenges, the Bank itself has changed, learning from its experiences, deepening its under- standing of the development process, and recasting its analytical and financial support to help its borrowers better.
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Adjustment in Africa: lessons from country case studies
Ishrat Husain and Rashid Faruqee
This report provides an assessment of structural adjustment policies undertaken by seven African countries in the mid-1980s. This report is distinct from other studies on this subject. First, it emphasizes the specific economic and social circumstances of each country that led to the adoption of an adjustment program. Second, it measures and analyzes the extent to which the adjustment policies were, in fact, implemented in each case. Finally, the report attempts to assess economic performance in relation to the strength of the implementation of policy reforms.
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African external finance in the 1990s
Ishrat Husain, John Underwood, and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
External financing for sub-Saharan Africa is a vexing problem with no easy solutions. The regions' macroeconomic policies, domestic savings, and efficiency of resource use - all generally poor - impinge heavily on the size, growth, and timing of external finance. The papers in this symposium volume assume the following: (a) that structural adjustment efforts in most African countries will be intensified and strengthened; (b) macroeconomic imbalances and microeconomic distortions will be minimized if not eliminated; (c) trade, investment policies, and regulatory framework will be streamlined; (d) private savings and investment will be encouraged through financial liberalization; and (e) public investment programs will complement private sector initiative and concentrate on infrastructural deficiencies and human resource development. This volume restates only the essential ingredients of a strategy for resuming growth.
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The Adequacy of Resource Flows to Developing Countries
Ishrat Husain
The transfer of real resources to developing countries is at the heart of the Development Committee's mandate as set out in the parallel resolutions of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund under which the Committee was established in 1974. In recent years trends in the transfer of resources have been a standing item on the agenda of the Development Committee. In April 1988 the Committee discussed in depth the adequacy of resource flows to developing countries. These discussions were based on a report by the Bank which surveyed historical trends in net flows and net transfers of external finance from all sources, public and private, to all developing countries in the 1980s. The general conclusion of members was that larger financial flows to developing countries were required for economic growth, the alleviation of poverty, environmental protection, structural adjustment, and the resolution of debt difficulties. Members also emphasized that sound policies, a more supportive world economic environment, and improved prospects for export earnings would contribute toward increased resource flows. In view of the wide interest in the subject, the Bank's paper, "The Adequacy of Resource Flows to Developing Countries," is now being made available to a broader audience.
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The political economy of healthcare in Pakistan
S. Akbar Zaidi
This book deals with one of the most essential conditions of human existence: the health of individuals and society. The author has described the multi-faceted structure of health care in Pakistan at great length and has then identified and highlighted the results of this health system on the people of the country. He uses a Marxist framework and shows how the exploitation and domination of a small minority in the economic structure of society is mirrored in the health structure of the country. He argues that the existing economic and political situation in Pakistan has resulted in a model of health care which is elitist, western-oriented, and suited to the needs of a handful of well-to-do people.
The author shows how this elitist bias is predominant in the numerous layers of the model, and issues, such as medical education, the social background of medical students, the geographical location of health facilities and doctors, etc., are all analyzed within this perspective. He shows convincingly, that the goal "health for all by the year 2000", given the existing class structure in Pakistan, is an impossibility. To achieve health for all, or for even the majority of the people in Pakistan or any other underdeveloped capitalist country, one needs, as a prerequisite, to change the existing economic, social and political structure which gives birth to the particular inequitable model of health care. Only then can one have the beginnings of a more just and equitable society and hope for health for all.
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Ghana: Policies and Program for Adjustment
Ishrat Husain
This report, Ghana - Policies and Program for Adjustment reviews macroeconomic trends since 1970, identifies policies and program for adjustment and assesses prospects for the economy in the medium term.
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Guar gum and guar meal: a research study
Abdul Ghani Saeed
Research is a systematic and objective search for, and analysis of, information relevant to identification and solution of problems. Hence, by definition, it is one of the most difficulty things to do in a developing country, where very little information is available in publication form. Whatever data is available from secondary sources is inconsistent and, sometimes, even inaccurate. Often the form of presentation is not standardized causing innumerable hardship to the researcher.
