Degree

Master of Science in Management

Faculty / School

School of Business Studies (SBS)

Department

Department of Management

Date of Submission

Spring 2026-3-11

Supervisor

Dr. Yasir Mansoor Kundi, Assistant Professor, Department of Management

Committee Member 1

Dr. Ashar Saleem, Program Director Graduate Programs SBS

Committee Member 2

Dr. Amer Awan, Reviewer, Assistant Professor, Department of Management

Project Type

MS Management Research Project

Access Type

Restricted Access

Keywords

Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work Family Conflict, Sleep Quality and Social  Withdrawal

Abstract

Purpose: Nurses often tend to experience high levels of stress particularly in a developing country like Pakistan where health system is highly underdeveloped and highly under resourced. The situation becomes even worse for nurses when unfavorable working conditions are followed by high levels of effort reward imbalance at work. The detrimental outcomes of effort reward imbalance are not just confined to the workplace boundaries but also have negative impacts on social and personal lives of the nurses. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to determine how ERI impacts non work outcomes including sleep quality, work family conflict and social withdrawal among Pakistani nurses.

Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research design was adopted. Data was gathered through self-administered and online surveys (Google form) from 209 nurses working in public and private hospitals in Pakistan.

Findings: The results suggest that ERI positively relates to work family conflict and social withdrawal. This means that when nurses perceive higher imbalance between the efforts spent at work and reward received, they are more likely to detach themselves from others and this can also lead to increased conflict between their family and work responsibilities. However, ERI did not significantly predict sleep quality, suggesting that sleep disturbances among nurses can be influenced by other factors such as shift work, long work hours and not ERI alone.

Originality/Value: No empirical evidence exists regarding the relationship between effort reward imbalance and its non- work outcomes in the Pakistani nursing context. Therefore, this study helps fill a noteworthy gap in existing literature on occupational stress.

Keywords: Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work Family Conflict, Sleep Quality and Social Withdrawal

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