Escalation, deterrence and diplomacy
Article Type
Article
Description
The May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict highlighted the risks of escalation, deterrence, and strategic misadventures in South Asia. India launched unprovoked missile and airstrikes in Pakistan, citing the Pahalgam attack, but international law deemed these actions unlawful. The Pakistan Air Force successfully repelled the strikes, downing seven Indian jets, and Pakistan launched counter-operations targeting military sites in India and Indian-occupied Kashmir. Experts highlight that both nations exercised limited deterrence, avoiding full-scale civilian casualties. The conflict underscored Kashmir and the Indus Waters Treaty as enduring flashpoints, while Pakistan leveraged diplomacy and strengthened military deterrence. Analysts warn that ongoing doctrinal shifts in India could destabilize regional security and necessitate careful strategic management.
Publication Source
The News International
Publication Date
12-28-2025
Pages
24
Recommended Citation
Khan, Mariam. (2025, December 28). Escalation, deterrence and diplomacy. The News International, . 24. https://ir.iba.edu.pk/faculty-research-press/668
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