Transforming Immunization

Faculty / School

School of Economics and Social Sciences (SESS)

Department

Department of Economics

Was this content written or created while at IBA?

Yes

Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

3-29-2025

Author Affiliation

  • Dr. Faiz Ur Rehman is an Associate Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics at IBA

Book or Conference Proceedings Title

Research and Reflections on Child Wellbeing in Pakistan

ISBN/ISSN

978-3-031-82647-4

Editor(s)

Dr. Asma Hyder

Series

Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research

Volume

30

First Page

5

Last Page

21

Publisher

Springer Cham

Keywords

Employee Health and Wellbeing, Children, Youth and Family Policy, Health Policy

Abstract / Description

Child immunization is widely acknowledged as one of the most successful and cost-effective investments in public health. Studies estimate that every dollar invested in child immunization yields a return of approximately US $44. Recognizing the significance of early child health in shaping later life outcomes, international organizations such as the WHO and UNICEF continuously collaborate with developing countries to achieve universal immunization. This chapter sheds light on the progress of immunization in Pakistan. It draws on both aggregate data (1980–2021) and household surveys (post-2006) regarding routine immunization and polio vaccination, aiming to analyse immunization coverage not only over time but also across regions, gender, and doses. The findings indicate that immunization coverage for all vaccines was notably higher (around 85%) pre-2008, attributed to better security situations. Contrary to common belief, the gender gap in immunization has narrowed over time. However, compliance with multiple doses shows lower rates in subsequent follow-up doses. Lastly, the province of Baluchistan exhibits the lowest immunization rates for all vaccinations, approximately 25 percentage points lower than Punjab.

Citation/Publisher Attribution

Rehman, F.U. (2025). Transforming Immunization. In: Hyder, A. (eds) Research and Reflections on Child Wellbeing in Pakistan. Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82648-1_2

Rights Information

© 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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